Clinical research<br>  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Adam Wysokiński; Krzysztof Zboralski; Agata Orzechowska; Piotr Gałecki; Antoni Florkowski; Monika Talarowska

doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.14268

eISSN: 1896-9151
ISSN: 1734-1922

Archives of Medical Science

Current issue Archive Special issues Abstracting and indexing Subscription

Editorial System

Submit your Manuscript

Editorial Policies

Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications

3/2010
vol. 6

Send email

Copy url:

abstract:

Clinical research
Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Adam Wysokiński

,

Krzysztof Zboralski

,

Agata Orzechowska

,

Piotr Gałecki

,

Antoni Florkowski

,

Monika Talarowska

Arch Med Sci 2010; 6, 3: 438-446

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14268

Online publish date: 2010/06/30

View full text Get citation

EndNote

Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero

AMA

Wysokiński A, Zboralski K, Orzechowska A, Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Talarowska M. Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Archives of Medical Science. 2010;6(3):438-446. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.14268.

APA

Wysokiński, A., Zboralski, K., Orzechowska, A., Gałecki, P., Florkowski, A.,  & Talarowska, M. (2010). Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Archives of Medical Science, 6(3), 438-446. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14268

Chicago

Wysokiński, Adam, Krzysztof Zboralski, Agata Orzechowska, Piotr Gałecki, Antoni Florkowski,  and Monika Talarowska. 2010. "Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes". Archives of Medical Science 6 (3): 438-446. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.14268.

Harvard

Wysokiński, A., Zboralski, K., Orzechowska, A., Gałecki, P., Florkowski, A.,  and Talarowska, M. (2010). Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Archives of Medical Science, 6(3), pp.438-446. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.14268

MLA

Wysokiński, Adam et al. "Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes." Archives of Medical Science, vol. 6, no. 3, 2010, pp. 438-446. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.14268.

Vancouver

Wysokiński A, Zboralski K, Orzechowska A, Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Talarowska M. Clinical research  Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Archives of Medical Science. 2010;6(3):438-446. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.14268.

Introduction: Verbal fluency is the ability to form and express words compatible with required criteria. Verbal fluency is necessary for optimal communication and for normal social and occupational functioning. The Verbal Fluency Test is a good indicator of frontal lobe dysfunction, particularly of the left frontal cortex.
Material and methods: The aim of the study was to compare verbal fluency in healthy subjects (n = 50), patients with paranoid schizophrenia (n = 36), patients with organic lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) (n = 33), and patients with diabetes (n = 62) – type 1 diabetes (n = 31) and type 2 diabetes (n = 31).
Results: Healthy subjects and patients with diabetes achieved the highest results in all categories of the Verbal Fluency Test. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia achieved significantly lower results. Sten norms of the Verbal Fluency Test were developed for the general population. Using these norms it was found that subjects with schizophrenia or with organic lesions of the CNS had very poor results more often and very high results less frequently compared to healthy subjects and also to patients with diabetes.
Conclusions: This observation is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, in which cognitive functions of the frontal lobe (e.g. verbal fluency) play a major role in the psychopathological picture. We have also demonstrated that in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes verbal fluency is comparable with healthy subjects.

keywords:

Clinical research Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Adam Wysokiński , Krzysztof Zboralski , Agata Orzechowska , Piotr Gałecki , Antoni Florkowski , Monika Talarowska

Verbal Fluency Test, schizophrenia, organic lesions, diabetes

Clinical research
Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Adam Wysokiński

,

Krzysztof Zboralski

,

Agata Orzechowska

,

Piotr Gałecki

,

Antoni Florkowski

,

Monika Talarowska