Biol Sport. 2025;42(1):39–45
1. Quarrie KL, Raftery M, Blackie J, Cook CJ, Fuller CW, Gabbett TJ, et al. Managing player load in professional rugby union: a review of current knowledge and practices. Brit J Sport Med. 2017; 51(5):421–7.
2.
Roe G, Darrall-Jones J, Till K, Phibbs P, Read D, Weakley J, et al. The effect of physical contact on changes in fatigue markers following rugby union field-based training. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017; 17(6):647–55.
3.
Tavares F, Healey P, Smith TB, Driller M. The effect of training load on neuromuscular performance, muscle soreness and wellness during an in-season non-competitive week in elite rugby athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fit. 2018; 58(11):1565–71.
4.
Noon MR, James RS, Clarke ND, Taylor RJ, Thake CD. Next Day Subjective and Objective Recovery Indices Following Acute Low and High Training Loads in Academy Rugby Union Players. Sports. 2018; 6(2); doi: 10.3390/ sports6020056.
5.
Taylor R, Myers TD, Sanders D, Ellis M, Akubat I. The Relationship between Training Load Measures and Next-Day Well-Being in Rugby Union Players. Appl Sci. 2021; 11(13); doi: 10.3390/app11135926.
6.
Cunniffe B, Hore AJ, Whitcombe DM, Jones KP, Baker JS, Davies B. Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010; 108(1):113–22.
7.
Leduc C, Weaving D, Owen C, Lacome M, Ramirez-Lopez C, Skok M, et al. The Effect of Rugby Union Match Play on Sleep Patterns and Subsequent Impact on Postmatch Fatigue Responses. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022; 17(6):852–61.
8.
Shearer DA, Kilduff LP, Finn C, Jones RM, Bracken RM, Mellalieu SD, et al. Measuring Recovery in Elite Rugby Players: The Brief Assessment of Mood, Endocrine Changes, and Power. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2015; 86(4):379–86.
9.
West DJ, Finn CV, Cunningham DJ, Shearer DA, Jones MR, Harrington BJ, et al. Neuromuscular function, hormonal, and mood responses to a professional rugby union match. J Strength Cond Res. 2014; 28(1):194–200.
10.
Aben HGJ, Hills SP, Cooke CB, Davis D, Jones B, Russell M. Profiling the Post-match Recovery Response in Male Rugby: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2022; 36(7):2050–67.
11.
Naughton M, McLean S, Scott TJ, Weaving D, Solomon C. Quantifying Fatigue in the Rugby Codes: The Interplay Between Collision Characteristics and Neuromuscular Performance, Biochemical Measures, and Self-Reported Assessments of Fatigue. Front Physiol. 2021; 12:711634. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.711634.
12.
Fletcher BD, Twist C, Haigh JD, Brewer C, Morton JP, Close GL. Season-long increases in perceived muscle soreness in professional rugby league players: role of player position, match characteristics and playing surface. J Sports Sci. 2016; 34(11):1067–72.
13.
Crewther BT, Potts N, Kilduff LP, Drawer S, Cook CJ. Performance indicators during international rugby union matches are influenced by a combination of physiological and contextual variables. J Sci Med Sport. 2020; 23(4):396–402.
14.
Dubois R, Lyons M, Paillard T, Maurelli O, Prioux J. Influence of Weekly Workload on Physical, Biochemical and Psychological Characteristics in Professional Rugby Union Players Over a Competitive Season. J Strength Cond Res. 2020; 34(2):527–45.
15.
West SW, Williams S, Tierney P, Batchelor T, Cross MJ, Kemp SPT, et al. Training and match load in professional rugby union: Do contextual factors influence the training week? S Afr J Sports Med. 2021; 33(1):1–6.
16.
Grobbelaar H, Malan D, Steyn B, Ellis S. Factors affecting the recovery-stress, burnout and mood state scores of elite student rugby players. S Afr J Res Sport Phys Educ Recreation. 2010; 32(2):41–55.
17.
Hartwig TB, Naughton G, Searl J. Load, stress, and recovery in adolescent rugby union players during a competitive season. J Sports Sci. 2009; 27(10):1087–94.
18.
McLean BD, Coutts AJ, Kelly V, McGuigan MR, Cormack SJ. Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010; 5(3):367–83.
19.
Gasparrini A. Distributed Lag Linear and Non-Linear Models in R: The Package dlnm. J Stat Softw. 2011; 43(8):1–20.
20.
Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30(7):1164–8.
21.
Tiernan C, Lyons M, Comyns T, Nevill AM, Warrington G. Investigation of the Relationship Between Salivary Cortisol, Training Load, and Subjective Markers of Recovery in Elite Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019; 15(1):113–8.
22.
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2023. https://www.R-project.org.
23.
Wood S. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R (2nd edition). 2nd ed: Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2017.
24.
Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016; 15(2):155–63.
25.
Evans JD. Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co; 1996.
26.
Cook CJ, Crewther BT. The effects of different pre-game motivational interventions on athlete free hormonal state and subsequent performance in professional rugby union matches. Physiol Behav. 2012; 106(5):683–8.
27.
Crewther BT, Cook CJ. Effects of different post-match recovery interventions on subsequent athlete hormonal state and game performance. Physiol Behav. 2012; 106(4):471–5.
28.
Bache-Mathiesen L, Andersen T, Dalen-Lorentsen T, Tabben M, Chamari K, Clarsen B, et al. A new statistical approach to training load and injury risk: separating the acute from the chronic load. Biol Sport. 2024; 41(1):119–34.
29.
Bache-Mathiesen LK, Andersen TE, Dalen-Lorentsen T, Clarsen B, Fagerland MW. Assessing the cumulative effect of long-term training load on the risk of injury in team sports. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2022; 8(2):e001342: doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001342.
30.
Schliep EM, Schafer TLJ, Hawkey M. Distributed lag models to identify the cumulative effects of training and recovery in athletes using multivariate ordinal wellness data. J Quant Anal Sports. 2021; 17(3):241–54.
Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
