Biology of Sport
eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X
Biology of Sport
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2/2024
vol. 41
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Fitness and fatness in children and adolescents: investigating their role in the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health

Caroline Brand
1
,
Ana Paula Sehn
2
,
Camila Felin Fochesatto
3
,
Emílio Villa-González
4
,
Anelise Reis Gaya
5
,
Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
6
,
Alex Ojeda-Aravena
7
,
Cézane Priscila Reuter
8

  1. IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
  2. Graduate Program in Health Promotion. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
  3. Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
  4. Physical and Sports Education Department. Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences,University of Granada, Spain
  5. School of Physical Education,Physiotherapy and Dance. Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
  6. Life Sciences Department. Graduate Program in Health Promotion. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
  7. Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2581967, Chile
  8. Health Sciences Department. Graduate Program in Health Promotion. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
Biol Sport. 2024;41(2):147–154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.129473
Online publish date: 2023/11/06
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To verify the role of the combination of fitness and fatness in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study performed with 2786 children and adolescents (6 to 17 years). Fitness was determined by the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) six-minute walking and running test. Waist circumference (WC) was considered a fatness indicator. A self-reported questionnaire was used to determine PA practice, whereas the clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) wascalculated by summing z-scores of triglycerides, totalcholesterol/HDL-C ratio,systolic blood pressure, glucose, and WC. Considering the combination of CRF (fitness) and WC (fatness), the following phenotypes were created: Fit/Unfat, Fit/Fat, Unfit/Unfat and Unfit/Fat. Moderation analyses were tested using linear regression models. Significant interactions were found between PA and Unfit/Fat category (β = -0.001; p = 0.001) only for adolescents. The interaction observed in the Unfit/Fat phenotype indicated that adolescents who practise PA for 330 minutes per week presented lower cMetS compared to those who do not practise or practise for 60 minutes respectively. The combination of fitness and fatness moderates the relationship between PA and cardiometabolic risk, suggesting that adolescents, particularly those who are less fit and present high adiposity, should be encouraged to engage in regular PA to improve their metabolic health.
keywords:

Cardiorespiratory fitness, Waist circumference, Adiposity, Cardiometabolic risk factors, Youth

  
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