Periocular basal cell carcinoma: recurrence risk factors/when to reoperate?

Introduction
The aim of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) surgery is radical excision of the tumour while maintaining eyelid functionality and facial aesthetics. Differences in management of the patients after excision of eyelid BCC with a narrow margin are described in the literature.

Aim
This study concerns the correlation between the recurrence rate in the periorbital area and the narrow safety margin of excision in the histopathological report with respect to various clinical and histopathological features.

Material and methods
A retrospective non-randomized analysis was conducted on 158 patients with BCC of the periorbital area. These patients were operated on between January 2002 and December 2016. A database was created, comprised of patient age, sex, location of the lesion, TNM, method of reconstruction, result of the histopathological examination, date and location of the recurrence.

Results
In 66 (41.77%) patients BCC was radically removed. In 50 (31.65%) patients BCC was removed with a narrow margin and in 42 (26.58%) cases, radical excision was not achieved. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the aggressive BCC group compared to those with non-aggressive BCC (p = 0.004). The recurrence-free rate for non-aggressive subtypes was 98.11% in both the first and fifth years, but in aggressive subtypes it was 89.06% in the first year but fell to 80.16% in the fifth year.

Conclusions
An aggressive subtype of BCC significantly influences the risk of non-radical excision of the lesion. Aggressive BCC subtypes should have more frequent check-ups. There is no need to reoperate patients with a narrow margin of BCC excision.