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Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii
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5/2020
vol. 37
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Sensitisation to airborne allergens as a risk factor for allergic rhinitis and asthma in the Polish population

Agnieszka Lipiec
1
,
Adam Sybilski
1, 2
,
Jarosław Komorowski
1
,
Konrad Furmańczyk
1, 3
,
Andrzej Namysłowski
1
,
Wojciech Zieliński
1, 4
,
Filip Raciborski
1
,
Artur Z. Białoszewski
1
,
Bolesław Samoliński
1

  1. Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Paediatric and Neonatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affair, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  4. Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Adv Dermatol Allergol 2020; XXXVII (5): 751-759
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2019.84231
Online publish date: 2019/04/09
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Introduction
The patterns of sensitisation to airborne allergens and their association with allergic diseases have been analysed in different geographical regions.

Aim
To analyse the impact of sensitisation to airborne allergens on allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma in different age groups of the Polish population.

Material and methods
Completed questionnaires of 18,617 subjects (53.8% females), collected within the ECAP, a cross-sectional multicentre study, were analysed. Three groups of respondents were included: 6–7-year-olds (24.2%), 13–14-year-olds (25.4%), 20–44-year-olds (50.4%). The clinical part (an anamnesis, physical examination, spirometry, skin prick tests and an assay of major airborne allergen-specific IgE) was attended by 25.7% of the respondents.

Results
The AR was most strongly related to sensitisation to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, with the highest odds ratios of 10 in two younger groups and of 16 for persistent AR in children. It was also the most important risk factor for allergic asthma, with odd ratios from 8.34 in children to 6.40 in adolescents. Sensitisation to grass pollen allergens was a major risk factor for both AR, with odds ratios from 9.16 in adults to 7.87 in adolescents, and asthma, with odds ratios from 6.16 in adolescents to 5.67 in adults.

Conclusions
AR and asthma shared common risk factors, independently of age. Sensitisation to airborne allergens was significantly associated with asthma and, even more strongly, with AR, across all age groups. The AR was the strongest risk factor for allergic asthma in the youngest group. Persistent AR increased asthma risk more than intermittent AR in all age groups.

keywords:

allergic rhinitis, asthma, airborne allergens, sensitisation
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