Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters

Irineu Loturco; Michael McGuigan; Tomás T. Freitas; Fábio Nakamura; Daniel Boullosa; Pedro Valenzuela; Lucas A. Pereira; Fernando Pareja-Blanco

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085

eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X

Biology of Sport

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4/2022
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Original paper

Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight execution modes in elite sprinters

Irineu Loturco

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Michael R. McGuigan

^{4, 5}

,

Tomás T. Freitas

^{1, 2, 6, 7}

,

Fábio Y. Nakamura

^{8, 9}

,

Daniel A. Boullosa

^{10, 11, 12}

,

Pedro L. Valenzuela

^{13, 14}

,

Lucas A. Pereira

^{1, 2}

,

Fernando Pareja-Blanco

¹⁵

NAR – Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
College of Healthcare Sciences, Campus Townsville, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
INISA, Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, Campus Campo Grande, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Research and Development Department, iLOAD Solutions, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain

Biol Sport. 2022;39(4):1043–1048

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085

Online publish date: 2022/01/25

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EndNote

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AMA

Loturco I, McGuigan MR, Freitas T, et al. Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters. Biology of Sport. 2022;39(4):1043-1048. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085.

APA

Loturco, I., McGuigan, M. R., Freitas, T., Nakamura, F. Y., Boullosa, D. A.,  & Valenzuela, P. L. et al. (2022). Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters. Biology of Sport, 39(4), 1043-1048. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085

Chicago

Loturco, Irineu, Michael R McGuigan, Tomás T. Freitas, Fábio Y Nakamura, Daniel A Boullosa, Pedro L Valenzuela,  and Lucas A. Pereira et al. 2022. "Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters". Biology of Sport 39 (4): 1043-1048. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085.

Harvard

Loturco, I., McGuigan, M., Freitas, T., Nakamura, F., Boullosa, D., Valenzuela, P., Pereira, L.,  and Pareja-Blanco, F. (2022). Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters. Biology of Sport, 39(4), pp.1043-1048. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085

MLA

Loturco, Irineu et al. "Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters." Biology of Sport, vol. 39, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1043-1048. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085.

Vancouver

Loturco I, McGuigan M, Freitas T, Nakamura F, Boullosa D, Valenzuela P et al. Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range
of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight 
execution modes in elite sprinters. Biology of Sport. 2022;39(4):1043-1048. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085.

PlumX metrics:

The aims of this study were to: 1) provide and compare the height achieved during Smith machine (SM) and free weight (FW) loaded jumps executed over a wide spectrum of loads (40–120% of body mass [BM]); and 2) test the difference between loaded and unloaded squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) attempts in ten highly trained male sprinters. On the first visit, athletes performed unloaded SJ and CMJ, loaded SJ with loads corresponding to 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% BM, and loaded CMJ at 100% BM using an Olympic barbell (FW). On the second visit, they performed loaded SJ and CMJ tests under the same loading conditions on the SM device and,subsequently, a half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) assessment. The relative strength (RS = 1RM/BM) of the athletes was 2.54 ± 0.15. Loaded SJ performance was similar between SM and FW, and across all loading conditions. Differences in favour of CMJ (higher jump heights compared with SJ) were superior in the unloaded condition but decreased progressively as a function of loading. In summary, sprinters achieved similar SJ heights across a comprehensive range of loads, regardless of the execution mode (FW or SM). The positive effect of the countermovement on jump performance is progressively reduced with increasing load.

keywords:

Squat and countermovement jump performance across a range of loads: a comparison between Smith machine and free weight execution modes in elite sprinters

Irineu Loturco 1, 2, 3 , Michael R. McGuigan 4, 5 , Tomás T. Freitas 1, 2, 6, 7 , Fábio Y. Nakamura 8, 9 , Daniel A. Boullosa 10, 11, 12 , Pedro L. Valenzuela 13, 14 , Lucas A. Pereira 1, 2 , Fernando Pareja-Blanco 15

athletic performance, track and field, vertical jump, loaded jump, resistance training, ballistic exercise

Irineu Loturco

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Michael R. McGuigan

^{4, 5}

,

Tomás T. Freitas

^{1, 2, 6, 7}

,

Fábio Y. Nakamura

^{8, 9}

,

Daniel A. Boullosa

^{10, 11, 12}

,

Pedro L. Valenzuela

^{13, 14}

,

Lucas A. Pereira

^{1, 2}

,

Fernando Pareja-Blanco

¹⁵