1. Uysal G, Sahin Y, Unluhizarci K, et al. Is acne a sign of androgen excess disorder or not? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 211: 21-5.
2.
Cibula D, Hill M, Vohradnikova O, et al. The role of androgens in determining acne severity in adult women. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 399-404.
3.
Bansal P, Sardana K, Vats G, et al. A prospective study examining trigger factors and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11: 544-50.
4.
Bansal P, Sardana K, Arora P, et al. A prospective study of anti-mullerian hormone and other ovarian and adrenal hormones in adult female acne. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33: e13974.
5.
da Cunha MG, Fonseca FL, Machado CD. Androgenic hormone profile of adult women with acne. Dermatology 2013; 226: 167-71.
6.
Bansal P, Sardana K, Sharma L, et al. A prospective study examining isolated acne and acne with hyperandrogenic signs in adult females. J Dermatolog Treat 2021; 32: 752-55.
7.
Slayden SM, Moran C, Sams WM Jr, et al. Hyperandrogenemia in patients presenting with acne. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 889-92.
8.
Cinar N, Cetinozman F, Aksoy DY, et al. Comparison of adrenocortical steroidogenesis in women with post-adolescent severe acne and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29: 875-80.
9.
Sardana K, Bansal P, Sharma LK, et al. A study comparing the clinical and hormonal profile of late onset and persistent acne in adult females. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59: 428-33.
10.
Carmina E, Dreno B, Lucky WA, et al. Female adult acne and androgen excess: a report from the multidisciplinary androgen excess and PCOS Committee. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6: bvac003.
11.
Bagatin E, Freitas THP, Rivitti-Machado MC, et al. Adult female acne: a guide to clinical practice. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94: 62-75.
12.
Dreno B, Bagatin E, Blume-Peytavi U, et al. Female type of adult acne: physiological and psychological considerations and management. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16: 1185-94.
13.
Goulden V, Clark SM, Cunliffe WJ. Post-adolescent acne: a review of clinical features. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136: 66-70.
14.
Gayen R, Podder I, Chakraborty I, Chowdhury SN. Sex hormones, metabolic status, and obesity in female patients with acne vulgaris along with clinical correlation: an observational cross-sectional study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66: 60-6.
15.
Dréno B, Thiboutot D, Layton AM, et al. Global alliance to improve outcomes in acne. Large-scale international study enhances understanding of an emerging acne population: adult females. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29: 1096-106.
16.
Chlebus E, Chlebus M. Factors affecting the course and severity of adult acne. Observational cohort study. J Dermatolog Treat 2017; 28: 737-44.
17.
Caputo V, Fiorella S, Curiale S, et al. Refractory acne and 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a selected group of female patients. Dermatology 2010; 220: 121-27.
18.
Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S, Jain VK, Aggarwal K. Profiling and hormonal therapy for acne in women. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59: 107-15.
19.
Elsaie ML. Hormonal treatment of acne vulgaris: an update. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9: 241-48.
20.
Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W, et al.; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE); American College of Endocrinology (ACE); Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (AES). American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College Of Endocrinology, And Androgen Excess And Pcos Society Disease State Clinical Review: Guide To The Best Practices In The Evaluation And Treatment Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome--Part 1. Endocr Pract 2015; 21: 1291-300.
21.
Borgia F, Cannavo S, Guarneri F, et al. Correlation between endocrinological parameters and acne severity in adult women. Acta Derm Venereol 2004; 84: 201-4.
22.
Wei B, Qu L, Zhu H, et al. Higher 17a-hydroxyprogesterone levels aggravated the severity of male adolescent acne in Northeast China. Dermatology 2014; 229: 359-62.
23.
Sharquie KE, Noaimi AA, Saleh BO, Anbar ZN. The frequency of 21-alpha hydroxylase enzyme deficiency and related sex hormones in Iraqi healthy male subjects versus patients with acne vulgaris. Saudi Med J 2009; 30: 1547-50.
24.
Azziz R, Hincapie LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Screening for 21 hydroxylase deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia among hyperandrogenic women: a prospective study. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 915-25.
25.
Karrer-Voegeli S, Rey F, Reymond MJ, et al. Androgen dependence of hirsutism, acne, and alopecia in women: retrospective analysis of 228 patients investigated for hyperandrogenism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2009; 88: 32-45.