The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome

Katarzyna Pawlaczyk; Marcin Gabriel; Daria A. Strzelecka-Wêklar; Zbigniew Krasiński; Michal Stanisic; Zofia Gabriel; Łukasz Dzieciuchowicz; Zygmunt Adamski

doi:10.5114/ada.2017.71117

eISSN: 2299-0046
ISSN: 1642-395X

Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii

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Original paper

The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome

Katarzyna Pawlaczyk

,

Marcin Gabriel

,

Daria A. Strzelecka-Wêklar

,

Zbigniew Krasiński

,

Michal Stanisic

,

Zofia Gabriel

,

Łukasz Dzieciuchowicz

,

Zygmunt Adamski

Adv Dermatol Allergol 2017; XXXIV (5): 478–484

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2017.71117

Online publish date: 2017/10/31

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AMA

Pawlaczyk K, Gabriel M, Strzelecka-Wêklar D, et al. The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2017;34(5):478-484. doi:10.5114/ada.2017.71117.

APA

Pawlaczyk, K., Gabriel, M., Strzelecka-Wêklar, D., Krasiński, Z., Stanisic, M.,  & Gabriel, Z. et al. (2017). The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 34(5), 478-484. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2017.71117

Chicago

Pawlaczyk, Katarzyna, Marcin Gabriel, Daria A. Strzelecka-Wêklar, Zbigniew Krasiński, Michal Stanisic, Zofia Gabriel,  and Łukasz Dzieciuchowicz et al. 2017. "The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome". Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 34 (5): 478-484. doi:10.5114/ada.2017.71117.

Harvard

Pawlaczyk, K., Gabriel, M., Strzelecka-Wêklar, D., Krasiński, Z., Stanisic, M., Gabriel, Z., Dzieciuchowicz, Ł.,  and Adamski, Z. (2017). The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 34(5), pp.478-484. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2017.71117

MLA

Pawlaczyk, Katarzyna et al. "The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, vol. 34, no. 5, 2017, pp. 478-484. doi:10.5114/ada.2017.71117.

Vancouver

Pawlaczyk K, Gabriel M, Strzelecka-Wêklar D, Krasiński Z, Stanisic M, Gabriel Z et al. The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2017;34(5):478-484. doi:10.5114/ada.2017.71117.

Introduction: Peripheral microembolism is one of the most frequent causes of acute limb ischemia. In order to effectively prevent relapses it is essential to localize and eliminate the source of embolism.

Aim: To evaluate the role of Duplex Doppler ultrasound examination in identifying the causes of blue toe syndrome (BTS).

Material and methods: The group of 165 patients with clinical symptoms of BTS on their upper limbs (n = 16) and lower limbs (n = 149) was investigated. They all underwent Duplex Doppler ultrasound of the major arteries of the extremities, where ischemic changes occurred.

Results: Morphological and functional changes which might be potential sources of microembolism were identified in 146 patients. These changes included significant short-length stenoses or unstable atherosclerotic plaque (n = 73), true aneurysms (n = 42) and pseudoaneurysms (n = 17). In 11 cases, pathology of vascular prostheses in the form of anastomotic aneurysms, infection and residual thrombi after fibrinolysis was detected. In all cases, Duplex diagnosis was confirmed by other imaging and intraoperative tests.

Conclusions: Duplex Doppler ultrasound of the arteries in the affected limb with a full length view should be the first-line examination in diagnosing patients with BTS. In the absence of hemodynamic blood flow disturbances in the major arteries in patients with symptoms of BTS, it is advisable to start haematological tests to identify/exclude congenital or acquired thrombophilia.

keywords:

The usefulness of Duplex Doppler ultrasound in the angiological and dermatological diagnosis of patients with blue toe syndrome

Katarzyna Pawlaczyk , Marcin Gabriel , Daria A. Strzelecka-Wêklar , Zbigniew Krasiński , Michal Stanisic , Zofia Gabriel , Łukasz Dzieciuchowicz , Zygmunt Adamski

blue toe syndrome, Duplex examination, peripheral embolism

Katarzyna Pawlaczyk

,

Marcin Gabriel

,

Daria A. Strzelecka-Wêklar

,

Zbigniew Krasiński

,

Michal Stanisic

,

Zofia Gabriel

,

Łukasz Dzieciuchowicz

,

Zygmunt Adamski