Expectations of patients at risk of diabetes-related foot diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction:
In Poland, treatment of patients with diabetes usually focuses on the control of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and less frequently on the control of other long-term complications, including diabetes-related foot disease (DFD). The aim of the study was to assess the motivational factors and expectations of patients seeking screening for the risk of DFD.

Material and methods:
We invited volunteers over 40 years of age, with or without type 2 diabetes, to participate in this cross-sectional screening study. We conducted recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic and recurring periods of restrictions in 2020–2022. Screening diagnostics offered included blood tests, chronic arterial disease screening (ABI, TBI, TcPO2), sensory loss screening protective function (assessment of pressure sensation with the Semmes-Weinstein vein and assessment of temperature sensation), and pedobarography. Subjects’ expectations were assessed using the patient request form questionnaire, and their health perception was assessed using the list of health criteria.

Results:
Of the 143 subjects, only 85 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. 35.3% of people had DFD. People at risk of diabetes and DFD expect to receive early screening for foot disease, according to the guidelines. They expect appropriate tests to be carried out, the results to be discussed, along with the expected course of the disease, including possible complications. Respondents’ expectations and perceptions of health depended on the duration and severity of the disease, not on COVID-related restrictions.

Conclusions:
We should take organizational actions that will enable people with diabetes to control not only metabolic and cardiological disorders, but also to prevent and diagnose foot diseases.