Methods supporting orthodontic treatment – a literature-based review

A malocclusion might have a negative impact on a person’s quality of life by impairing the aesthetics of their smile and the function of the masticatory organ, as well as lowering their self-esteem.

Aim
The aim of this study was to review recent reports on methods supporting orthodontic treatment, including surgical and non-surgical methods.

Material and methods
A review of the Polish and English literature was conducted using the PubMed database from the years 2014–2021 and the following keywords: prostaglandins, laser therapy, corticotomy, piezocision, skeletal anchorage, miniplates, micro-oesteoperforations, self-ligating brackets.

Results
Non-surgical techniques include modifications to the biomechanics of orthodontic treatment through the use of appropriate orthodontic brackets or arches. Biological methods are related to the local application of cell mediators and supporting orthodontic treatment with appliances emitting electromagnetic fields, magnetic fields, laser therapy and vibration. Surgical techniques include, among others, fiberotomy, osteotomy, corticotomy, piezocision and skeletal anchorage to shorten the total duration of orthodontic treatment and reduce the risk of tooth resorption.

Conclusions
The use of various methods to accelerate orthodontic treatment has been the subject of studies for many years. Both orthodontists and patients are interested in shortening the treatment duration, because the risk of complications (caries, root resorption, gingival recession) may be reduced, and faster and more stable outcomes may be achieved. New techniques providing bone stimulation also make it possible to treat extensive malocclusions that previously could have only been corrected with orthognathic surgery or permanent teeth extraction. However, many of these methods still require further clinical trials.