Visually impaired patient care - home, outpatient, hospital

Aims
Blindness and visual impairment are widely diagnosed conditions, however, it is challenging to differentiate them. Patients suffering from low vision face numerous difficulties, from performing daily activities to those related to healthcare. In this research we explore the definitions of both conditions and point issues faced by patients with visual impairments. We seek to outline the available interventions that may support this patient group across home, outpatient, and hospital care settings. We would like to define problems faced by people with vision impairment (VI) despite their education, age or origin and propose solutions.

Review of the literature
Visual impairment is associated with reduced quality of life due to various factors: loneliness, difficulties with independent functioning, dependence on others, mental health problems, more frequent hospitalizations, difficulties in adhering to medical recommendations, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Improving the care of individuals with vision disorders involves multiple levels. It should address the home environment, adapting it to the patient's needs. Physicians should be familiar with the daily challenges of their patients, as well as their comorbidities, so that the medical recommendations they provide are achievable. When hospitalization required, it is essential for hospital staff to be familiar with the appropriate approach to patients, ensuring effective communication and providing access to tools that can reduce the stress associated with hospitalization.

Conclusions
An appropriate care for patients with vision impairment requires an individualized approach. This includes creating a supportive home environment, offering feasible medical recommendations and ensuring adequate communication with the patient.