Terapeutyczne zastosowanie toksyny botulinowej w neurologii: przegląd literatury

Botulinum toxin (BTX), a neurotoxin produced by Gram-positive Clostridium botulinum, is widely known for its broad application in aesthetic medicine, but it is also playing an increasingly important therapeutic role in neurology. The aim of this study was to present a literature review on the therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin in the treatment of various neurologically based disorders. The authors analyzed research studies and review articles available in the PubMed database, focusing on conditions such as cervical dystonia, spasticity, hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, chronic migraine, neuropathic pain, hyperhidrosis, and overactive bladder. BTX works by blocking the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, leading to temporary muscle paralysis. Its administration is relatively straightforward (most commonly via intramuscular injections), and the therapeutic effects typically last between 3 and 6 months. The review demonstrated that BTX is both effective and safe in the treatment of numerous neurological conditions, providing symptom relief and improving patients’ quality of life. However, the authors emphasize the need for further research into long-term efficacy and the expansion of therapeutic indications. In conclusion, botulinum toxin currently appears as one of the most important therapeutic tools in neurology, and its clinical application holds promising potential for further development. As patient demand for minimally invasive and well-tolerated therapies increases, BTX may become an even more integral component of individualized neurological care.